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| Common Questions About Metabolism and Weight Management 1. What exactly is metabolism? Metabolism is the process of combining food with oxygen to release the energy our body needs to function. Total metabolic rate represents the calories needed for maintaining body functions, daily activities (such as occupational activity and exercise), and the energy expended during exercise. 2. What's the difference between metabolism and RMR? Resting metabolic rate (RMR) represents a majority of the total metabolic rate and refers to the calories the body burns simply to survive. In other words, it is the calories a person burns if s/he is awake, but at rest all day. 3. Significance of RMR? RMR can account for up to 75% of all the calories a person burns in a day. Therefore it is a critical piece of information to appropriately establish daily calorie needs, whether trying to lose, gain or maintain weight. 4. Can I use a formula to estimate my RMR? The only way to accurately assess RMR is to have it tested. Research indicates that standard formulas are inaccurate for many people and may significantly overestimate or underestimate metabolic rate, by as much as 30%. This can lead to ineffective planning for weight management. 5. What influences RMR? RMR is influenced by a number of factors: body mass, body composition (the amount of fat and muscle), age, gender and hormones. People with more mass will have a higher metabolism. Muscle burns more calories than fat; a person with a higher percentage of muscle will have a higher RMR. RMR declines with age at a rate of approximately 2% per decade; this decline is primarily a result of muscle loss. Men usually have a higher metabolism than women, partly because they tend to have a higher percentage of muscle compared to women. Certain hormones and other substances (caffeine, nicotine, medications, and supplements) can increase or decrease metabolism. Stress, injury and illness also impact metabolism. 6. Does Exercise Speed Up My Metabolism? Increasing your muscle mass will increase your RMR and the number of calories you burn at rest each day, although not as much as many people think. With significant increases in muscle mass, you may burn 10-50 calories more per day. Although this does not seem like much, the effect of this increase over the long term will lead to significant improvements in weight management. Keep in mind that strength training must be done fairly intensely to lead to significant increases in muscle mass. 7. How is my RMR affected if I lose weight? When individuals lose weight, their metabolism may decrease. This decrease is normal and happens as a result of tissue loss (fat and muscle). Strength training during weight loss can lessen the muscle loss, but most people will experience some muscle loss. During weight loss, the body may also lower metabolism in response to a lower calorie intake, particularly if the calorie reduction is severe. During weight loss, it is helpful to monitor changes in metabolism and make necessary adjustments to food intake for successful weight management. 8. What do metabolism and calories have to do with weight management? The short answer is .... everything! To achieve your weight goals, you need to find a balance between the energy you take in from food as calories and the energy used up with RMR and activity. Quite simply: 1. Calorie Intake > Output = Weight Gain 2. Intake < Output = Weight Loss 3. Intake = Output = Weight Maintenance Physical activity also contributes to the expenditure side of the energy balance equation. The amount of energy burned through this route can be modified. Increasing daily activity through structured exercise and general activity will tip the energy balance scale to favor weight loss. 3500 calories = 1 pound. To lose one pound per week, you’ll need to eat 3500 calories less than you burn. One way to do this would be to eat 250 less calories per day and get an additional 250 calories of energy expenditure through general activity or structured exercise each day. You certainly can lose weight through either exercise or diet alone, but a combination of both is the best method for achieving weight loss and, more importantly, long term weight management. |